Kabuto 兜
Le casque iconique
Les samouraïs japonais ont durant de longs siècles été équipés d'armures, traversant les époques et les changements opérés dans l'art de la guerre sur l'archipel. L'une des pièces les plus reconnaissables de ces armures est le casque, appelé kabuto, dont les différentes formes sont emblématiques du pays du Soleil-Levant.
A helmet with several elements
The kabuto first consists of the Hachi, a domed central piece formed from several metal plates forged to each other and pierced with a hole (tehen). At the back, several slats are riveted to form a wide neck guard called a shikoro, which gives the kabuto its fullness. Ear-shaped protections on the sides are called fukigaeshi, as well as a mae-zashi visor completes the protection.
The central ornament, called datemono, can recall the family crest or be a representation of an animal, real or mythical. Thus, kabuto topped with deer horns is quite common.
Kabuto, samurai helmet
Wikipedia
Kabuto of different shapes
Kabuto, like the rest of Japanese armor, has gone through many changes throughout the country's history, and one can only see the influences of the era in which they were designed. Thus, the oldest kabuto, called mabizashi-tsuke kabuto ("helmet with a visor attached"), has been found to date from the 5th century. They bear witness, by their form, to the significant Chinese and Korean contributions of the time to the archipelago.
- Also Read: The Samurai Museum
Suji Kabuto
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kabuto nanban
Wikipedia
The "suji kabuto" type helmets are much soberer, especially in terms of the shorter shikoro or the ornamentations. They thus reflect the evolution of military tactics resulting in a need for increased mobility of samurai troops at war during the Muromachi period (1336 - 1573).
The next era, when armies were made up of more soldiers, and when the European influence began to be felt - the Momoyama period (1573 - 1603) - saw other types of helmets appear. Thus we find helmets similar to those of the Spanish tercios, the "nanban kabuto" or "helmets of the southern barbarians", the name given to Europeans.
The most iconic kabuto of the era is the kawari kabuto or " strange kabuto ", a helmet topped with extravagant or oversized ornaments. These helmets were worn by members of the command and had the function of facilitating their recognition by the soldiers in the middle of the battlefield.
- Read also: In the footsteps of the samurai
